džigovanje | Sportski ribolov

Vrste karbona

Dragan Milošević — Mon, 15 Sep 2025 01:39:23 +0000

Ovo je svojevrsno objašnjenje i demistifikacija svih oznaka i tipova karbona blankova koje danas srećemo. O tome se malo ili vrlo retko govori, a i kada se nešto i kaže, to je toliko skromno i skoro uvek ostavlja jedan veo tajne i nedorečenosti, čak i neznanja. Ne bih nikoga da uvredim, ali to nekada bude i namerno, jer često ni prodavci ni proizvođači ne žele da znate baš sve. S obzirom da sam i ja deo ovog potrošačkog društva, i da kao i vi trošim lepe količine para na sve i svašta, i potrebno i nepotrebno (jer toj bolesti nema leka, složićete se) i da godinama (tekuće 2025. god. punih 38) proučavam ovu materiju i da sam najpre zbog sebe o tome želeo da znam sve, kao i kod svih drugih tema o kojima smo pričali, i ovde će biti reči samo o proverenim činjenicama. Dakle tema je karbon, materijal od koga se danas uglavnom (u najvećem procentu) izrađuju blankovi štapova za ribolov. U današnjem svetu može biti zbunjujuće kako različiti proizvođači nazivaju svoje karbonske blankove štapova. Mnogi ih označavaju sa 24 ili 30 “Carbon Ton”(ili “Ton Carbon”). Drugi koriste nazive poput “High Modulus”, “Intermediate Modulus” itd. Neki ih identifikuju kao IM6, IM7, IM8, čak i IM12. Da pođemo najpre od termina “modul” ili modulus. Pre svega, kako mnogi misle, karbonski modul ne predstavlja broj niti (vlakana karbona), već označava njegovu krutost. Viši karbonski modul čini štap čvršćim, krućim. Kako se modul povećava, otpornost na istezanje se smanjuje, što znači da su štapovi sa višim modulima automatski i podložniji lomljenju zbog svoje krhkosti (ali i “brzi” što je poželjno). Kako bi to prevazišle, kompanije tako dizajniraju svoje štapove da sadrže blankove viših modula ali uz adekvatnu tehnologiju izrade i planiranje pre svega, tj. dobar projektni biro (kao i kod mašinica za ribolov). To, naravno, doprinosi višoj ceni štapa. S druge strane, manje poznate kompanije iz Jugoistočne Azije mogu napraviti jeftinije štapove sa blankovima takođe višeg i visokog modula, ali su ti štapovi obično krhki i podložniji pucanju jer su deo traljave serijske proizvodnje i često bez tehničke kontrole kvaliteta.

Šta predstavlja IM oznaka?

IM oznaka je više marketinški izraz nego tehnička specifikacija. U stvarnosti, oznaka koju kupac vidi na blanku predstavlja jedan alternativni izraz za opšte standarde. Ne postoje pravi IM6, IM7, IM8 ili IM12 blankovi. Izraz “IM” dolazi iz jedne kompanije za karbon koja je pravila blankove za ribolov. Kada su tokom šeste iteracije stvorili blank koji su smatrali uspešnim, nazvali su ga IM6. Od tada je ovaj naziv postao svojevrstan standard, a neki proizvođači su nastavili koristiti ovu oznaku, iako je njena tehnička vrednost nejasna. Prava procena grafita zapravo se vrši u Million Modulus (američki standard) ili Tonnage (svetski standard). Ako uporedimo recimo “Tonnage” (TON) sa originalnim IM6 blankom, tada je blank od 24 Ton-a neki pandan njemu. Stoga je česta pojava da se na štapu može videti oznaka 24 Ton, 24TC ili IM6 – i sve to uglavnom ukazuje na isto. Pravilo je da što je veći tonnage, blank je lakši i tanji. Dakle, 30 Ton će biti lakši od 24, 36 je lakši od 30, 40 lakši od 36, itd. Neke kompanije, poput nemčkog BALZER-a, tradicionalno koriste IM oznake (IM6 = 24 Ton, IM7 = 30 Ton, IM8 = 36 Ton, IM12 = 40 Ton i više). To čine zbog doslednosti i tradicije, a ne nužno zbog tehničke tačnosti.

Kako izabrati pravi blank?

Ako tražite povoljan štap i ne brine vas koliko će trajati ili kako će se ponašati prilikom ribolova, slobodno možete uzeti bilo koji. Međutim, ako želite štap koji će vam trajati godinama, kojem možete verovati tokom borbe sa velikom ribom, i koji je lagan i udoban za ribolov, obratite pažnju na sledeće: renomirani proizvođači uvek koriste i proverenu tehnologiju izrade blankova (recimo “Helicore” kod nemačkog Sportex-a) i visoko kvalitetne blankove, tj. karbon iz Japana, Nemačke ili Koreje. Svaki blank ima svoj jedinstveni broj, a štap dolazi sa garancijom. Proizvodnja je ograničena, a svaki štap se može pratiti do specifične serije, što je velika prednost u odnosu na masovne proizvođače iz Azije.

Colmic (Italy/Japan) – koriste samo karbone od Toray, aero-karbonska vlakna i prave visokokvalitetne štapove poznate globalno (na primer, surf modeli Zero Seven). Svaki štap Colmic-a ima garanciju od pet godina. D. A. M. – sa tradicijom od 1875, koristi japanske karbonske blankove (24-40Ton) i među prvima su primenili nanotehnologiju. BALZER – koristi oznake IM6-IM12, ali izrađuje odlične štapove koristeći japanski Toray karbon i nanotehnologiju. SERT – nudi brendove kao što su Sunset (morski ribolov), Sakura (predatori), Garbolino (pastrmka i losos), Katusha (som i velika riba), Biwwa (pribor za varaličarenje). Garbolino je svetski lider za ribolov pastrmki i lososa zahvaljujući svojoj Viper tehnologiji. Carson – proizvodi u Aziji, ali koristi korejski i japanski karbon (24-40Ton), što im omogućava viši kvalitet od uobičajenog. Ukoliko želite štap koji je dugotrajan i pouzdan, držite se poznatih brendova i ne gledajte samo oznake na blanku poput IM6 ili 30T, već obratite pažnju na renome proizvođača i tehnologiju izrade.

Još od predstavljanja prvog grafitnog štapa od strane Fenwick-a 1974. godine, mitovi o ovom misterioznom materijalu rastu i šire se svetom kao požar. Koliko puta ste čuli da je razlika između IM6, IM7 i IM8 zapravo razlika u standardu kvaliteta, ili da što je viši modul, to je više grafita korišćeno za proizvodnju štapa? Pošto postoji mnogo zabluda o ovom materijalu, Gary Loomis – jedan od najvećih svetskih autoriteta za dizajn grafitnih štapova i osnivač G.Loomis Corp. – podelio je svoje znanje da razjasni te mitove. Loomis je objasnio da oznake IM6, IM7 i IM8 zapravo predstavljaju trgovačke oznake kompanije Hexcel Corp. koje se koriste za identifikaciju njihovih proizvoda, i ne predstavljaju nikakav industrijski standard kvaliteta ili materijala. Međutim, pošto su Hercules vlakna proizvedena u Hexcel-u postala merilo poređenja, mnoge firme ih koriste kao referencu. Zbunjenost dodatno raste jer mnogi proizvođači koriste materijale drugih firmi, a svoje štapove ipak označavaju kao IM6, IM7 ili IM8 – što zapravo ne znači ništa. Da ponovim, važno je razumeti kako se reč „modul“ odnosi na grafitne štapove. Modul nije broj niti, kako neki tvrde. Modul u suštini znači krutost. Što je modul veći, materijal je krući u odnosu na težinu – što znači da je potrebno manje materijala da bi se postigla ista krutost kao kod materijala nižeg modula. Rezultat je lakši proizvod. „Zapamtite, težina umanjuje performanse,“ rekao je Loomis. Krutost je povezana i sa odazivom – sposobnošću štapa da skladišti i oslobađa energiju (prilikom trešenja ili zabacivanja). Što je modul veći, štap brže i preciznije skladišti i oslobađa energiju, što omogućava duže i preciznije zabačaje ali i bržu i efikasniju kontru.

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Autor teksta :

Dragan Milošević

The post Vrste karbona first appeared on Sportski ribolov.

Top Tips and Tricks for Successful Zander Fishing

Dragan Milošević — Wed, 09 Oct 2024 15:00:11 +0000

Back to basics

Understanding Zander Behaviour and Habitats
Zander are known for their elusive nature and can be found in a variety of freshwater habitats, including rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Knowing where they like to hide and hunt can significantly increase your chances of a good catch. They prefer deep waters with plenty of cover, such as submerged trees, rocks, and vegetation. Understanding their behaviour is crucial for successful fishing. Zander are most active during dawn and dusk, which are the prime times for fishing. They tend to hunt in schools and use their sharp vision to spot prey in low-light conditions. An important aspect of successful zander fishing is the understanding of the fish's behaviour and habitat preferences. Zander are known to be ambush predators, often lurking in areas with cover, such as submerged logs, underwater ledges, or aquatic vegetation. Anglers who can identify these prime feeding locations and present their baits or lures naturally and stealthily are more likely to encounter and hook these elusive fish. Furthermore, the timing of the fishing trip can also play a significant role in the success of Zander anglers. Zander are known to be more active and aggressive during certain times of the day, such as the early morning and late afternoon/evening hours, as well as during periods of low light or overcast conditions.

Choosing the Right Gear for Zander Fishing

Selecting the right gear is essential for Zander fishing. If you are fishing zander with silicone lures, then you need at least a medium-fast to fast or extra-fast rod with a sensitive tip, ideal for detecting bites. Casting weight depends on whether you are fishing in running or standing water, and whether you are fishing from shore or from a boat, for example, from 7-28gr., 10-30gr., 15-40gr., 20-50gr., or stronger 60 or 80 gr. etc. If you are fishing with crankbaits, you need a fast to medium-fast or medium action rod. Pair this with a quality spinning reel that offers smooth drag performance, sizes from 2500 to 4000.
Line choice is also important; braided lines are preferred for their sensitivity and strength. Usually from 0,12 to 0,18mm. A fluorocarbon leader can be used to make your setup less visible underwater, 0,30mm to 0,40mm. Don't forget to equip yourself with a variety of lures and baits to adapt to different fishing conditions.

Mastering the Art of Jigging for Zander

Jigging is a highly effective technique for catching Zander. Use a jig head paired with soft plastic lures that mimic the movement of small fish or other prey. The key is to maintain contact with the bottom while imparting subtle, lifelike movements to your lure.
Experiment with different jigging strokes and retrieve speeds to find what works best. Pay close attention to any changes in tension or movement on your line, as Zander often bites softly.
Practice makes perfect, so keep refining your technique.

Effective Crankbait Techniques to Attract Zander

Crankbaits can be incredibly effective for attracting Zander, especially when fishing in both shallow and deep waters. Choose crankbaits that dive to the desired depth and have a tight wobbling action. Natural colours that resemble local baitfish are often the best choice. Vary your retrieval speeds and incorporate pauses to make your crankbait appear more lifelike. Pay attention to the water temperature and clarity, as these factors can influence the effectiveness of different crankbait styles and colours.

Seasonal Strategies for Zander Fishing Success

Understanding Zander's seasonal behaviour can give you an edge in your fishing endeavours. In spring, Zander are often found in shallower waters as they prepare to spawn. This is a great time to use jigging techniques near spawning grounds. During summer, Zander moves to deeper, cooler waters. Crankbaits and deep-diving lures become more effective. In the fall, they become more active and can be found in both shallow and deep waters, providing opportunities for various techniques. Winter fishing requires patience, as Zander are less active but can still be caught with slow, deliberate presentations. Also, remember that they exhibit one behaviour during the day and another at night. This also applies to the terrain where they hunt and stay. Rocky shorelines with moderate depth and a steady but not overly strong current are among the best spots for shore fishing. Water that flows too fast is not ideal, but neither are areas that are too shallow or too deep. While perfect conditions are helpful, they are not strictly necessary for a successful outing. Shallow-diving wooden crankbaits are especially effective in these conditions. It is important to cast close to the bank and use a lure that can be retrieved slowly in the current, produces subtle vibrations, and does not easily snag on rocks. This combination often makes the difference between success and failure. Since fish schools are usually positioned farther from the shore during the day, fishing from a boat is a very good option. This approach involves frequently changing positions until the fish are located.

Fishing for zander from a boat

From a boat, you are essentially targeting zander in its natural habitat, taking advantage of the fact that even neutral fish may strike if the lure passes close enough. Although deeper areas are often preferred, there are no strict rules—depths ranging from 1 to over 10 meters can all be productive. Experience shows that zander often inhabit clean, seemingly featureless sandy bottoms. For this reason, it is important to explore different types of terrain—stumps, rocks, and sand alike. Submerged trees almost always hold fish, but sandy areas can sometimes produce larger numbers of catches. In the winter, zander are nearly as active during the day as they are at night. Boat fishing becomes particularly interesting during periods of strong moonlight, as it can limit their nighttime feeding near the shore. Daytime activity tends to occur in bursts, which can be difficult to track without being on the water or having up-to-date information. Dusk is traditionally a reliable period, while revisiting the same spot multiple times during the day can increase your chances. Equipment for boat fishing needs to be adapted to more demanding conditions. Strong rods around 2.7 to 3 meters in length, powerful reels, heavy jig heads, and thin yet durable line are commonly used. This setup is designed for working with heavy lures, so landing the fish itself is not particularly demanding on the gear. Water current plays a major role in lure control. In strong currents, even heavy jig heads may remain suspended mid-water without reaching the bottom. When jigging from a boat, several factors must be balanced—depth, current speed, line thickness, jig head weight, and lure type. The goal is to achieve a natural presentation with soft, controlled movements above the bottom. In most cases, a slower descent produces better results. Retrieval can be done using the rod tip or by reeling. When everything is done correctly, Zander will often strike aggressively. Fishing for zander from a boat offers a unique and rewarding experience on the water. At the same time, it requires skill, endurance, and persistence. However, with experience and adaptation, success can be significant. It is advisable to limit your lure selection to a few proven options. When fish are active, proper presentation matters more than the specific lure model. For those without a boat or who prefer not to fish that way, shore fishing remains an excellent alternative. Night fishing is typically focused on small, precise spots, where one or two fish per location is a common expectation. This is how many anglers catch their first zander. More experienced anglers often rely on a small number of trusted lures. The key is not variety, but presentation. Moving quietly along the bank and frequently changing positions increases the chances of success. Most strikes occur within the first few casts at a new spot. Retrieval should be slow and controlled—often so slow that the lure’s action is barely felt. In slower water, suspending lures tend to perform well, while in stronger currents, lures with a more pronounced action are preferred. The best spots are those that combine current with some form of cover, such as submerged wood, rocks, or sharp drop-offs. Nights without strong moonlight are generally more productive than clear nights with a bright moon. At night, Zander spread out along the bank so that every promising micro-location could hold fish. During the day, shore fishing is most commonly based on soft plastic lures. Lighter jig heads are used compared to boat fishing. Slow presentation and keeping the lure in the strike zone for as long as possible are crucial. Different lure types allow for a variety of retrieval techniques, from steady retrieves to classic jigging. When choosing locations, look for a combination of current, suitable depth, and cover. Changes in water level and weather conditions can further activate fish, and it is not uncommon to catch other species as a bonus…

Unlock the secrets to reeling in the elusive Zander with these expert tips and tricks designed to elevate your fishing game.

To be continued…

Text author: Dragan Milošević

The post Top Tips and Tricks for Successful Zander Fishing first appeared on Sportski ribolov.